威爾遜發(fā)電機(jī) 說(shuō)明書(shū)

威爾信發(fā)電機(jī)組培訓(xùn)講義

一、 威爾信的介紹

英國(guó)公司專業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)電機(jī)組，控股股東為卡特公司（美國(guó)公司），威爾信公司主要擅長(zhǎng)發(fā)電機(jī)組的控制系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已開(kāi)發(fā)多種控制系統(tǒng)，如： 1001（手動(dòng)）、2001（自動(dòng)）、4001、4001E（高級(jí)自動(dòng)）、6001（并機(jī)、并網(wǎng)、監(jiān)控），以及 ACCESS40000（自啟動(dòng)并帶監(jiān)控功能）。威爾信生產(chǎn)的發(fā)電機(jī)組范圍較廣（4KW-2200KW）全部生產(chǎn)，是世界知名的三大品牌之一。威爾信發(fā)電機(jī)組的引擎全部采用伯瓊斯柴油機(jī)（原勞斯萊斯），現(xiàn)已被美國(guó)卡特控股，發(fā)電機(jī)主要采用法國(guó)利萊森瑪（過(guò)去采用過(guò)英國(guó)的史丹福）。

二、發(fā)電機(jī)組的組成（三個(gè)部分：A、引擎 B、發(fā)電機(jī) C、控制裝置）

A、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)引擎包括 3.1524、1000、2000、3000、4000等系列，其中 1000、2000系列部分或全部將升級(jí)為電噴機(jī)組，威爾信的目標(biāo)是將所有機(jī)組都升級(jí)為電噴機(jī)組以符合歐洲二號(hào)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 B、發(fā)電機(jī)法國(guó)利萊森瑪生產(chǎn)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)速為 1500r/min，二極、三線四相制，中性線直接接地，AVR（電壓穩(wěn)壓器）控制電壓。 C、控制裝置主要作用是對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)進(jìn)行全部控制，例如：水溫、油壓、電壓等

三、 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)（引擎）

下面主要講解：（1）基本工作原理（2）排氣系統(tǒng)（3）燃油系統(tǒng)（4）冷卻系統(tǒng)（5）啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)（6）潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)

（1） 基本工作原理 A、吸氣沖程：將空氣及燃油吸入汽缸中，并使之充分混合 B、壓縮沖程：將燃油混合氣進(jìn)行壓縮，一般壓縮為 16左右 C、做功沖程：將混合氣體壓縮到一定比例，溫度升高到 400℃以上，混

合氣體自行燃燒（爆炸過(guò)程） D、排氣沖程：將燃燒后的廢氣排出機(jī)體（排煙溫度為 400-500℃）

（2）排氣系統(tǒng)

機(jī)組運(yùn)行后一般為自行吸氣排氣。但為了提高效率及燃燒的利用率，威爾信機(jī)組基本采用渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)，就是利用機(jī)組排放的廢氣，利用增壓器將吸入的空氣進(jìn)行壓縮，以提高吸氣沖程中氧氣的含量提高燃料利用率和增加功率。

（3）燃油系統(tǒng)

威爾信電機(jī)組，小于 880KW以下的機(jī)組一般都帶有可供 6-8小時(shí)的燃油箱。燃油經(jīng)低壓油泵吸入到濾清器將燃油中的雜質(zhì)及水分過(guò)濾，再經(jīng)過(guò)高壓油泵增壓按時(shí)按量噴入汽缸中進(jìn)行燃燒。

A、機(jī)械調(diào)速：經(jīng)過(guò)機(jī)械飛輪式相應(yīng)裝置調(diào)節(jié)噴油量以達(dá)到控制轉(zhuǎn)速的

目的

B、電子調(diào)速：通過(guò)測(cè)定主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速來(lái)微調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)速使之始終達(dá)到 1500r/min,

而不論其是帶載還是不帶載。

燃油的標(biāo)號(hào)一般使用 0#柴油，冬季根據(jù)機(jī)房條件不同，4℃以下建議用

-10#柴油，原因，因?yàn)槎静裼蜋C(jī)不好啟動(dòng)。

（4）冷卻系統(tǒng)

冷卻系統(tǒng)使機(jī)體及內(nèi)部保持在 104℃以下，否則易產(chǎn)生抱缸等故障，影響使用壽命，柴油機(jī)在使用過(guò)程應(yīng)保持在 80℃-90℃之間為最佳，溫度過(guò)低不易啟動(dòng)，并對(duì)帶載能力有限制，溫度過(guò)高對(duì)機(jī)體有損傷。為達(dá)到上述目的，冷卻系統(tǒng)分為大循環(huán)和小循環(huán)。機(jī)組啟動(dòng)初期，大循環(huán)關(guān)閉，小循環(huán)啟動(dòng)，目的是機(jī)體能夠迅速升溫。當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到一定高度時(shí)，關(guān)閉小循環(huán)開(kāi)啟大循環(huán)使機(jī)體溫度降低，當(dāng)熱平衡達(dá)到一定程度后，保持此平衡，使機(jī)組處于最佳溫度。而控制此平衡的為調(diào)節(jié)閥（節(jié)流閥），此為自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，不需人為控制。當(dāng)機(jī)組發(fā)生高水溫報(bào)警時(shí)，可以檢查冷卻液水平，是否超載及節(jié)流閥是否損壞。一般溫度下，60℃節(jié)流閥開(kāi)始打開(kāi)，95℃完全打開(kāi)。

（5）潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)

潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的目的：給所有運(yùn)動(dòng)幅之間減小摩擦系統(tǒng)，包括齒輪間、缸套與汽缸之間，窩輪增壓器轉(zhuǎn)軸-曲柄軸承等等。一般工作原理：經(jīng)過(guò)油泵將潤(rùn)滑油加壓到一定程度（應(yīng)過(guò)濾清器、油冷器）一般為 4-6bar,通過(guò)管道分流到不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑，最后回到油底殼進(jìn)行冷卻。潤(rùn)滑油最佳工作溫度為 90℃-105℃。溫度過(guò)低精度加大，將阻礙運(yùn)動(dòng)（冬季啟動(dòng)困難方面之一），溫度過(guò)高精度降低，潤(rùn)滑效果降低，因而日常使用中應(yīng)注意記錄壓力值，若發(fā)現(xiàn)油壓有 1 bar以下的下降，應(yīng)考慮更換柴油機(jī)及濾清器。

（6）啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

發(fā)電機(jī)組的啟動(dòng)一般為電池帶動(dòng)一直流電機(jī)將發(fā)電機(jī)組的轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到 450r/min以上以啟動(dòng)機(jī)組。

四、 發(fā)電機(jī)

結(jié)構(gòu)類似于一般異步發(fā)電機(jī)，物理原理為導(dǎo)線切割磁力線產(chǎn)生電壓及電流，它原理與電動(dòng)機(jī)相反，電動(dòng)機(jī)是將電能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能，而發(fā)電機(jī)是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化成電能，剛才講了產(chǎn)生電壓需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和磁場(chǎng)線，運(yùn)動(dòng)由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生，而磁力線或磁場(chǎng)由誰(shuí)產(chǎn)生呢？發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)初期，由于發(fā)電機(jī)有剩磁，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)很小的電流將此電流整流，利用直流電產(chǎn)生一個(gè)較大電流，周而復(fù)始就產(chǎn)生一個(gè)大的電壓，而當(dāng)電壓達(dá)到我們所需的電壓時(shí)，我們將整流電流穩(wěn)定，這樣我們能得到一個(gè)恒久而穩(wěn)定的電壓，將此電壓輸出即可。而此過(guò)程很快不到一秒種即可完成，而完成此功能的裝置為電壓穩(wěn)定器，我們稱 AVR。

發(fā)電機(jī)一般工作穩(wěn)定，故障率很低。主要故障為 AVR損壞，具體表現(xiàn)為無(wú)電壓輸出。

五、控制系統(tǒng)

控制系統(tǒng)的故障最高，應(yīng)特別注意。平常應(yīng)經(jīng)常熟悉控制原理圖。最簡(jiǎn)單的控制系統(tǒng)是控制發(fā)電機(jī)水溫、機(jī)油壓力和發(fā)電機(jī)電壓。當(dāng)水溫過(guò)高、機(jī)油壓力過(guò)低及發(fā)電機(jī)無(wú)電壓輸出時(shí)，控制系統(tǒng)將發(fā)出：高水溫報(bào)警、低油壓報(bào)警及啟動(dòng)失

敗報(bào)警，并立即停車。

現(xiàn)階段隨著控制技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，發(fā)電機(jī)組的技術(shù)水平主要表現(xiàn)在控制系統(tǒng)上，而最終的發(fā)展方向是無(wú)人值守，并可以在世界各地通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)控發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行狀況，現(xiàn)階段基本達(dá)到這一水平。

威爾信的控制裝置，基本上是采用美國(guó)的技術(shù)，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)公司是威爾信的大老板并且美國(guó)在控制方面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界潮流。具體的個(gè)部分功能將根據(jù)實(shí)物具體講解。

六、自啟動(dòng)功能

自啟動(dòng)功能的工作原理是通過(guò)一裝置檢測(cè)市電的狀況，如發(fā)現(xiàn)下列情況無(wú)市電，市電電壓高低超出規(guī)定范圍，或市電缺相等故障，此裝置將向發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)出啟動(dòng)信號(hào)。當(dāng)這一裝置檢測(cè)市電正常時(shí)，將取消啟動(dòng)信號(hào)使發(fā)電機(jī)組停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這一裝置為自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換柜（ATS）。其中十個(gè)電位器可調(diào)節(jié)，電壓及多種轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間延時(shí)。包括：市電及油機(jī)電的范圍調(diào)整、市電檢測(cè)時(shí)間、轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程時(shí)間、油機(jī)延時(shí)啟動(dòng)時(shí)間、市電再轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間及油機(jī)冷卻時(shí)間。這些電位器出廠時(shí)已調(diào)好，客戶不能自行調(diào)整。

七、 發(fā)電機(jī)組使用注意事項(xiàng)：

A、開(kāi)機(jī)前的工作：

a 檢查電池電壓及容量

b 檢查機(jī)油油位，可通過(guò)油尺檢查油的多少及柴油多少及機(jī)油質(zhì)量。若少可

添加、若質(zhì)量較差應(yīng)考慮更換。

c檢查柴油油位，若不多，應(yīng)考慮加滿

d檢查冷卻液的水位

e檢查各管道有無(wú)泄露，若有應(yīng)及時(shí)擰緊

f檢查各接線及保險(xiǎn)是否良好

B、啟動(dòng)后應(yīng)注意：

a檢查油壓情況并記錄油壓

b檢查電壓輸出是否正常

c檢查各電流是否超載

d檢查水溫的上升是否均勻

e注意發(fā)電機(jī)組有無(wú)異常聲音

f觀察排煙情況，當(dāng)剛啟動(dòng)機(jī)組時(shí)或冬季氣溫較低時(shí)，煙濃度較大，這是正

常現(xiàn)象；隨著油機(jī)溫度的升高，濃度會(huì)越來(lái)越小直至正常。

C、關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)應(yīng)注意：

a停機(jī)時(shí)是否平穩(wěn)，可能有一振動(dòng)，也屬正常。原因是某一部件產(chǎn)生共振。

八、日常保養(yǎng)

日常保養(yǎng)機(jī)組外整潔，清除灰塵利于機(jī)組降溫；使用質(zhì)量較好的柴油；按要求更換冷卻液及機(jī)油。

冷卻液：第一次使用時(shí)，第一年需更換冷卻液；以后每?jī)赡旮鼡Q一次。

機(jī)油及三濾的更換：第一次使用 50小時(shí)更換一次。以后每使用 200-300小時(shí)或一年更換一次。

若長(zhǎng)時(shí)間放置或不使用，使用前也應(yīng)更換一次三濾。平常應(yīng)每月開(kāi)機(jī)兩次，保持 15分鐘或者 20分鐘，目的是潤(rùn)滑機(jī)組，另外可及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)解決，試機(jī)應(yīng)作好記錄以備查。

電池一般使用時(shí)間為 3-5年，注意觀察電池液面，少時(shí)可添加補(bǔ)充液或蒸餾

水。使用半年后，打開(kāi)發(fā)電機(jī)上蓋，用吸塵器清洗灰塵，注意不要碰到任何部件。當(dāng)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換柜有故障時(shí)，可手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)機(jī)組，并用手柄轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)空氣開(kāi)關(guān)，用手動(dòng)

方式轉(zhuǎn)換油機(jī)電及市電的轉(zhuǎn)換。并檢查保險(xiǎn)有損壞的嗎？若沒(méi)有應(yīng)電話通知我們。

在如下情況請(qǐng)注意：當(dāng)市電電壓波動(dòng)較大時(shí)，波動(dòng)幅度超過(guò) 50伏時(shí)，可能導(dǎo)致 ATS認(rèn)為市電不合格，頻繁啟動(dòng)機(jī)組，此時(shí)應(yīng)將機(jī)組開(kāi)關(guān)處于斷開(kāi)位置，停電后用手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)機(jī)組。

British perkins commonly used models and prices perkins power 500 kw diesel generator will letter generator producing area

Wilson generator specifications

Will letter generator training handout

A, will letter of introduction

British company specializing in the production of generators, the controlling shareholder for the carter company (the company), will believe the company is mainly good at generating set control system has been developed a variety of control systems, such as: 1001 (manual), 2001 (to be automatic), 4001, 4001 e automatic (advanced), 6001 (weaver, grid, monitoring), as well as ACCESS40000 (since the launch and the tape function of monitoring). Will letter production has a wide range of generator set (4 kw - 2200 - kw) all production, is one of the three major brands of the world famous. Will letter generator set's engine all adopt the "Jones (original) Rolls-Royce diesel engine, has been the United States carter holdings, leroy somer generator mainly adopts France (past the British Stanford).

Second, composition of the generating set (three parts: A, B engine, generator, control device) C

A engine, engine consists of 3.1524, 1000, 2000, 3000, 2000 series, 1000, 2000 series, some or all of the units will be upgraded to ems, all units will letter's goal is to upgrade to ems unit to comply with the European ii emission standards. B, French somer generator production, the standard speed of 1500 r/min, diode, three line four phase system, the neutral directly grounding, AVR (voltage regulator), the control voltage. C, control device for main function is to control all of engines and generators, such as: water temperature, oil pressure, voltage, etc

Three, engine (engine)

Below covers: (1) the basic working principle of the exhaust system (2) (3) fuel system (4) (5) start the cooling system (6) lubrication system

(1) the basic working principle, suction stroke A: the air and fuel into A cylinder, and fully mixed B, the compression stroke, the fuel mixture is compressed, general compression is about 16 C, power stroke, the mixture to A certain proportion from the gas compression, temperature to 400 ℃ above, mix

Combined gas combustion (explosion) D, exhaust stroke: after combustion exhaust eduction body (exhaust smoke temperature is 400-500 ℃)

(2) exhaust system

General unit operation for suction and exhaust. But in order to improve the efficiency and the utilization rate of combustion, will believe basic unit USES turbocharging system, is to use the unit discharge of waste gas, using the supercharger will inhale air is compressed, in order to improve the oxygen content in the suction stroke to improve fuel utilization and increase power.

(3) the fuel system

Will letter electric unit, less than 880 kw units are generally available for six to eight hours with a fuel tank. Fuel oil by the low pressure oil pump suction filtering to filter impurities from the fuel and water, through the high pressure oil pump pressurized unluckily sprayed into the cylinder for combustion.

A, mechanical timing: after mechanical flywheel device corresponding to adjust the volume of injection in order to achieve speed control

purpose

B, electronic speed control: by measuring the speed of the spindle to fine-tune speed to 1500 r/min,

And whether it is with load or without load.

Label generally use 0 # diesel fuel oil, winter according to different engine conditions, 4 ℃ below suggestion

Diesel engine - 10 # diesel oil, the reason, because winter is bad start.

(4) cooling system

Cooling system to keep the body and internal under 104 ℃, otherwise hold cylinder caused by fault, affect the service life, the diesel engine in use process should be kept between 80 ℃ -- 90 ℃ is the best, the low temperature is not easy to start, and the limited load ability, high temperature have damage to the body. To achieve the above purpose, divided into the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation cooling system. Close the unit's early days, the circulation, pulmonary circulation starts, the purpose is to the body to quickly heat up. When the temperature reaches a certain height, close the minor cycle open circulation to lower the body temperature, when the heat balance reaches a certain degree, to keep the balance, the unit is in the best temperature. And control the balance of the regulating valve (throttle), it is automatic control, without human control. When set high temperature alarm occurs, you can check the coolant level, whether overload and throttle valve is damaged. Average temperatures, 60 ℃ throttle valve starts to open, 95 ℃ fully open.

(5) the lubrication system

Lubrication system: the purpose of all motion reduces friction between painting system, including gear, between cylinder liner and cylinder, nest round supercharger rotor - crank bearing and so on. The general working principle: after the oil pump will be lubricating oil pressure to a certain degree (should be a filter, oil cooler) is commonly 4 to 6 bar, through the pipe diversion to different lubrication for the moving parts and finally back to the oil sump for cooling. Lubricating oil best working temperature of 90 ℃ to 105 ℃. Precision of low temperature increase, will hinder movement (winter start one of the difficult aspects), had high precision temperature, lubrication effect is reduced, and therefore should be paid attention to in daily use to record pressure value, if found 1 bar pressure drop below, should consider to replace the diesel engine and filter.

(6) start the system

Generating set of the starter is commonly battery will always flow motor generator speed 450 r/min to start the unit.

Four, generators

Structure is similar to the general asynchronous generator, the physical principle for wire cutting lines produce voltage and current, its principle, in contrast to the motor, motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is the engine's mechanical energy into electric energy by generators, just off produce voltage need movement and the magnetic field lines, motion is produced by the engine, the lines of magnetic force and magnetic field is produced by who? Early generator rotation, the generator has remanence, accounts for a very small current the current rectification, use direct current (dc) produce a large current, the cycle will produce a large voltage, when voltage reach what we want, we will be rectified current stability, so that we can get a permanent and stable voltage, the voltage output. And can complete this process quickly in less than a second, and complete the function of the device for voltage stabilizer, we call the AVR.

Generator is generally stable, low failure rate. Main fault for damage of AVR, embodied in no voltage output.

Five, the control system

The failure of the control system, should pay special attention to. Usual often should be familiar with the control principle diagram. The simplest control system is to control the generator temperature, oil pressure and generator voltages. When the water temperature is too high, oil pressure too low no voltage and generator, the output of the control system will be sent: the high temperature alarm, low oil pressure alarm and start

Failure alarm, and immediately stop.

At this stage with the development of control technology, the generating set of the technical level is mainly embodied in the control system, and finally the development direction is unattended, and around the world through the network to monitor running state of generator set, basic to achieve this level.

Will letter control device, basically is to use technology in the United States, because the company is the big boss will believe and the United States leading the world trend in terms of control. Specific part will explain in detail according to the physical function.

Six, self-starting function

Since the launch of the working principle is through the function of a device detecting the condition of the mains, if discover the following situation without mains, mains voltage levels within the prescribed scope, or the mains lack equal failure, this device will be issued to the generator set start signal. When this device detect mains is normal, will cancel the start signal generator stop running. A device for automatic switch cabinet (ATS). Ten potentiometer can be adjusted, including voltage and many kinds of conversion time delay. Include: the utility mains electrical scope of adjustment, and oil testing time, process time, oil machine delay start time, mains conversion time and oil machine cooling time again. The potentiometer factory has adjusted the, the customer can't adjust.

Seven, generator set using the matters needing attention:

A, before starting of work:

A. check the battery voltage and capacity

Oil b check the oil level, it can be through the oil dipstick check how many and how much diesel oil and engine oil quality. If can be less

Add, if poor quality should consider to replace.

C diesel oil level examination, if a few, consideration should be given up

D check the coolant level

E check whether there is any leakage on the pipe, if any should be tighten in a timely manner

F check all wiring and insurance are in good condition

B, after the start should be paid attention to:

A survey and record the hydraulic oil pressure

B) check whether the output voltage is normal

C, check whether the current overload

D check whether water temperature rise evenly

E note generator set with or without abnormal sounds

F observed smoke situation, when just start the unit or the winter air temperature is lower, smoke density is bigger, this is positive

Often phenomenon; With the increase of the oil machine temperature, there will be less and less concentration until the normal.

C, to turn it off when should pay attention to:

When a stop is smooth, there may be a vibration, also belong to normal. A part of a reason for this is that produce resonance.

Eight, daily maintenance

Daily maintenance unit clean, remove dust for the unit to cool; Use good quality diesel; Replace the coolant and oil as required.

Coolant: used for the first time, first year need to replace the cooling fluid; Later replaced once every two years.

Engine oil replacement and a / : first use replaced every 50 hours. After each use. 200-300 hours or replaced once a year.

If placed or do not use for long, also should be replaced once a/before use. Should boot up twice a month, usually stay 15 minutes or 20 minutes, the purpose is the lubrication unit, also can timely find problems in a timely manner, commissioning should be a record for reference.

Batteries commonly used time for 3 to 5 years, watch battery level, can add fluid of supplement or distilled

Water. Use half a year later, open the generator cover, use a vacuum cleaner to clean dust, pay attention to don't touch any components. When automatic switch cabinet has a fault, can be manually start the unit, and handle rotating air switch, use manual

The transfer of oil electromechanical and mains. And check the insurance have damaged? If no telephone notice must be given to us.

In the following situation, please note: when the grid voltage fluctuation is bigger, volatility more than 50 v, may lead to ATS that mains is unqualified, frequent start unit, the unit should be switch in the off position, power cuts after start the unit by hand.